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Based on the requirements of the standardized training for the community nurses, this study constructs an informatization platform on the overall design, and improves the content modules of the platform. The standardized training mode of community nurses has been constructed through team building and division of labors. After application of the platform, the participation rate, assessment of theoretical knowledge and operational skills and professional identity of standardized training for community nurses have been improved. The standardized training platform for community nurses has optimized the teaching resources and improved the teaching effect, worthy of application and promotion.
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Based on the requirements of the standardized training for the community nurses, this study constructs an informatization platform on the overall design, and improves the content modules of the platform. The standardized training mode of community nurses has been constructed through team building and division of labors. After application, the participation rate, assessment of theoretical knowledge and operational skills and professional identity of standardized training for community nurses have been improved. The standardized training platform for community nurses has optimized the teaching resources and improved the teaching effect, worthy of application and promotion.
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As is known, the prosthodontics courses are characterized by strong practicalness, abstract content and complex knowledge. As an important trend of teaching reform, progressive case teaching mode is easier to be implemented in teaching-oriented medical institutions. This paper focuses on the teaching process of undergraduates in our hospital, and gradually builds a progressive case teaching mode from theoretical teaching, interclass practice to clinical practice, so as to increase the opportunity of contacting with complete clinical cases and cultivate ability-type talents adapted to clinical needs.
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Objective@#To investigate the genetic characteristics of enterovirus A group 71 type (EV-A71) and etiological features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xining city in 2017.@*Methods@#The pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from HFMD patients, and detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For EV-A71 positive samples, virus isolation was performed. Then RNA of EV-A71 strains was extracted, and then VP1 coding region was amplified by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with other genotypes and sub-genotypes strains of EV-A71.@*Results@#Total 57 strains of EV-A71 were isolated in Xining city in 2017, which all belonged to genotype C4a, and could be divided into two different lineages by phylogenetic analysis. The epidemic strains of EV-A71 in Xining City was closely related to other provinces of China in 2017.@*Conclusions@#C4a was the dominant genotype of EV-A71 in Xining city in 2017, and no other genotype was detected. In addition, EV-A71 isolated from Xining city was co-evolved with EV-A71 in other provinces of China.
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Objective@#To investigate the genetic characteristics of VP1 coding region of enterovirus Coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16) and etiological features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2017 in Xining city.@*Methods@#The pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from HFMD patients, and detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For CV-A16 positive samples, virus isolation was performed. Then RNA was extracted, and then VP1 coding region was amplified by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with other genotypes and sub-genotypes strains of EV-A71.@*Results@#It was shown that 70 strains of CV-A16 were isolated from 2017 to 2018 in Xining city. In 2017, 10 strains were isolated and divided into two different lineages by phylogenetic analysis, 3 strains of B1a and 7 stains of B1b. In 2018, 60 stains were isolated, which were all belong to B1b.@*Conclusions@#B1a and B1b of CV-A16 are prevalent in Xining city from 2017 to 2018, in which B1b is the prominent isolates.
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Aim To observe the ameliorating effects of sophocarpine on mice with neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury(SNI), and to explore the analgesic mechanism.Methods Sixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated, neuropathic-pain model(SNI), SNI+Pregabalin(Pre) 10 mg·kg-1, SNI+SC 40 mg·kg-1, 20 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1 group.Neuropathic-pain mouse models were established by SNI of the sciatic nerve.The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT), paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL), and cold withdrawal times(CWT) were detected to assess the analgesic effects of sophocarpine on mice with neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury.The expressions levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot methods.Results Compared with sham group, the SNI group′s PWMT decreased, PWTL was shorten, CWT increased, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were up-regulated.Compared with SNI model group, the sophocarpine 40 mg·kg-1 group′s PWMT increased, PWTL was lengthened, CWT decreased, and the expression levels of p38 MAPK, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein in spinal cord tissue were down-regulated.Conclusion Sophocarpine has the analgesic effects on neuropathic pain induced by SNI, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of TLR4, p38 MAPK, IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels.
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Aim To explore whether total flavonoids of Verbena officinalis L(TFV)can induce apoptosis of HepG-2 cells through targeting topoisomerase Ⅱ.Methods HepG-2 cells were cultured with TFV at 200,100,50 mg·L-1.Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL-DAPI double staining.TopⅡ activity was detected by supercoiled pBR322 DNA relaxation assay.The levels of the mRNA of TOP Ⅱα,TOP Ⅱβ were analyzed by real time PCR.Expression of Bcl-2,Bax,TOP Ⅱα,TOP Ⅱβ and caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blot.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to test a proposed structural equation model in which bullying experience, conflict management styles and psychological empowerment predict psychological well-being among Chinese nursing students in clinical placement. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-six nursing students recruited from five hospitals in J city and Y city were assessed with self-report questionnaires on bullying experience, conflict management styles, psychological empowerment and psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 22.0. RESULTS: The evaluation parameters included the comparative fit index at .90, the goodness of fit index at .93, the root mean square error of approximation at .07, and χ²/df ratio at 2.66, indicating that the proposed structural equation model provided a good fit to the data. Experience of being bullied during clinical placement, conflict management styles and psychological empowerment explained 93.0% of the variance and had significant effects on psychological well-being, with conflict management styles and psychological empowerment mediating the association between bullying and psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that mediation by conflict management styles and psychological empowerment alleviated the negative influence of bullying on psychological well-being. To limit bullying and its negative effects, development of effective guidelines to deal with bullying will be a critical tool for both Chinese nursing students and their instructors. Further research should incorporate conflict management styles and psychological empowerment into the specific intervention strategies for handling bullying behaviors among nursing students and staff nurses and promoting nursing students' psychological well-being.
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Humans , Asian People , Bullying , Depression , Negotiating , Nursing , Personal Satisfaction , Power, Psychological , Self Concept , Students, NursingABSTRACT
Objective To analyse effects of the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) on antithyroid drugs (ATD) treatment in patients with incipient Graves disease (GD). Methods A total of 121 patients with incipient GD, who were used anti thyroid drugs for 12 months, were included in this study. Patients were dvided into two groups:TPOAb negative group (TPOAb≤35 IU/mL, n=49) and TPOAb positive group (TPOAb>35 IU/mL, n=72). According to the degree of TPOAb drops the TPOAb positive group was sub-divided into low level positive group (35 IU/mL1 000 IU/mL, n=20). The ATD total dosage for 12 months and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which returned to normal rate after treatment of 3, 6 and 12 months, were compared between groups. Results ATD total dose was lower in TPOAb positive group (1 743.82±265.38) mg than that of negative group (1 889.18 ±125.51) mg. The ATD total dosages were (1 759.71±230.29) mg, (1 793.75±299.02) mg, (1 731.54± 236.44) mg and (1 710.00 ± 290.73) mg for low level TPOAb positive group, medium level TPOAb positive group, high level TPOAb positive group, and very high level TPOAb positive group respectively. The recovering ratio of TSH was significantly higher in TPOAb positive group than that of TPOAb negative group after 3-month treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion TPOAb positive serum can lead to shorten the course of ATD treatment and reduce the total amount of ATD treatment in GD patients.
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Objective To evaluate the curative effects of venlafaxine in patients with depressive disorder between therapeutic modes of inpatient and outpatient. Methods Seventy-two patients with depressive disorder including 36 inpatients and 36 outpatients were measured respectively with HAMD24 after treatment for 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and then the curative effects were compared between two groups. Results It was found that all patients in the inpatient group completed the observation and two patients in the outpatient group didn’t complete the observation. The HAMD24 score was significantly decreased in the inpatient group than that of the outpatient group from the second week to the end of the eighth week (P<0.05). The total effective rates were 80.6% for inpatient group and 64.7% for outpatient group, no significant difference between them. Conclusion Venlafaxine shows a higher therapeutic value and outcome in the therapeutic mode of inpatient.
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The existing literature on fingerprint chromatography at home and abroad and the quality control of biochemical injection with multiple components were reviewed in this article.Combined with the laboratory research, It is proposed that the strategy for HPLC specific chromatography of biochemical injection with multiple components in order to provide the basis for effectively promoting the establishment and development of HPLC specific chromatography of biochemical injection with multiple components.
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Objective To analyze peroxide value and anisidine value of ethyl polyenoate soft capsules and imported drugs and evaluate the oxidative stability.Methods The analysis was carried out on a TSK gel ODS-100 V(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)with methanol-water(98:2,V/V)as the mobile phase to determine the structure of the vitamin E as antioxidant.The influence on the antioxidation effect of tocopherol acetate andα-tocopherol as excipient in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester drugs was evaluated.Results The structure of vitamin E as antioxidant in domestic drugs was acetate, while vitamin E as excipient in foreign drugs had the structure of α-tocopherol monomer.As antioxidant, the antioxidation effect of tocopherol acetate was better thanα-tocopherol.The structure of vitamin E had a direct impact on the antioxidation effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester drugs.Conclusion The studies provide the basis for evaluate rationality of antioxidant in ethyl polyenoate soft capsules scientifically, which has positive significance for controlling the quality of the drug effectively.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of bullying and to examine the effect of bullying on psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction among nursing students during clinical training. METHODS: Three hundreds one nursing students who were recruited from three universities in D City were assessed with self-report questionnaires of bullying experience and psychological well-being. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program, which included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: More than three quarters of the participants experienced bullying during their clinical training, and their experience of being bullied was a significant predictor of psychological well-being even after controlling for perceived academic performance, relationship between nurses and students, teachers' or nurses' help to deal with bullying, and religion. CONCLUSION: Bullying was an issue among nursing students during clinical placement. Bullying experience yielded negative psychological outcomes associated with high depression, low self-esteem, and low academic major satisfaction. Practical guidelines are required in nursing education to protect students from the possible harm of bullying in clinical settings during training.
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Humans , Bullying , Depression , Education, Nursing , Linear Models , Nursing , Personal Satisfaction , Prevalence , Self Concept , Statistics as Topic , Students, NursingABSTRACT
Objective To detect the content of(1-3)-β-D-dextran(BG)and CD4T lymphocytes in order to early diagnose invasive pulmonary fungal infection(IPFI)in AIDS patients.Methods According to the qualified lower respiratory tract fungal culture re-sults,153 patients with pulmonary infection symptoms and definitely diagnosed AIDS were divided into the positive IPFI group(63 cases)and the negative IPFI group(90 cases);then plasma BG and CD4T lymphocytes were simultaneously detected in the positive IPFI group,negative IPFI group and 50 healthy controls.The same index was performed the pairwise comparison in each group and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The mean values of BG and CD4T lymphocytes in the positive IPFI group were (56.30±15.38)pg/mL and(56±41)/μL;which in the negative IPFI group were(21.32±14.26)pg/mL and(200±53)/μL;which in the healthy control group were(2.89±1.55)pg/mL and(480±89)/μL.The pairwise comparison of BG and CD4T lymphocytes showed the statistical differences among the three groups by the t-test(P <0.01).Conclusion The combined detection of BG and CD4 lymphocyte has the value in early diagnosis of IPFI)on AIDS apparent infection.
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The analysis of 3 Teaching Basic Skills Contests showed that the Teaching Basic Skills contests could boost young teachers’teaching enthusiasm,urge them to improve their own quality,enhance their training on basic skills to improve their teaching abilities.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of Runing Recipe II (a recipe composed of traditional Chinese herbs) in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer by observing its effects on the expressions of p53 and ras oncogene proteins and cell cycle of the transplanted Ca761 breast cancer in mice. METHODS: We established the breast cancer model by transplanting Ca761 cells in mice. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal saline control group, CTX-treated group, Runing Recipe II-treated group, and Runing Recipe II and CTX-treated group, with 12 mice in each group. We detected the cell cycle of the cancer cells in the mice's transplanted tumor with flow cytometry and measured the expressions of p53 and ras oncogene proteins in the transplanted tumor with immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The percentages of tumor cells in S-phase of the Runing Recipe II treated group, CTX-treated group and Runing Recipe II and CTX-treated group were significantly lower than that of the normal saline control group respectively (P<0.05). The percentage of tumor cells in G(0)-G(1) phase of the Runing Recipe II treated group was lower than that of the CTX-treated group (P<0.05), while the percentage of tumor cells in G(2)-M phase was higher than that of the CTX-treated group. The immunoreactive scores (IRSs) of p53 in the Runing Recipe II treated group and Runing Recipe II and CTX-treated group were significantly lower than that in the normal saline control group respectively (P<0.05). The effect of CTX on the expression of p53 was not significant. The IRSs of ras oncogene protein in the Recipe II-treated group, CTX-treated group and Runing Recipe II and CTX-treated group were lower than that in the normal saline control group respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Runing Recipe II can inhibit the growth of Ca761 breast cancer in mice by controlling the cell cycle of the transplanted tumor. This may be related to its effect on the gene expressions of p53 and ras in the tumor tissue.